Alkeran (Melphalan) – What It Is and How to Use It Safely

Alkeran is a chemotherapy drug whose generic name is melphalan. It belongs to a class called alkylating agents, which means it attaches to DNA in cancer cells and stops them from multiplying. Doctors mainly give Alkeran for multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer, and for certain solid tumors like ovarian cancer.

If you’ve just heard the name Alkeran, you might wonder how it works, what to expect, and how to keep side effects under control. Below you’ll find plain‑language answers that focus on what matters most for patients and caregivers.

How Alkeran Works and When It’s Used

Alkeran targets fast‑growing cells. By forming bonds with the DNA inside those cells, it creates breaks that prevent the cancer from repairing itself. This stops the tumor from growing and can shrink existing lumps. Because it also affects healthy cells that divide quickly—like those in your bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles—you’ll notice some side effects.

Typical situations where doctors choose Alkeran include:

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who can handle high‑dose treatment.
• Patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have tried other drugs.
• Certain ovarian cancers, especially when combined with surgery or radiation.

The drug can be given orally in tablet form or through an IV infusion. The exact method depends on the cancer type, stage, and how your body tolerates the medication.

Key Tips for Safe Use

Taking Alkeran isn’t a “set it and forget it” deal. Here are practical steps to make the experience smoother:

• Follow the dosing schedule exactly. Your oncologist will calculate the dose based on your weight, kidney function, and blood counts. Missed doses can reduce effectiveness, while extra doses raise toxicity risk.
• Get regular blood tests. Alkeran can lower white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Labs every 1‑2 weeks let your doctor adjust the dose before serious problems arise.
• Stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of fluids helps the kidneys clear the drug and reduces the chance of bladder irritation.
• Watch for infection signs. Fever, chills, or a sore throat could mean your immune system is weakened. Call your clinic right away if these pop up.
• Manage nausea and vomiting. Anti‑nausea meds work best when taken before Alkeran, not after. Keep a small snack of crackers or plain toast handy.
• Protect your mouth. Mouth sores are common. Rinse with a salt‑water solution several times a day and avoid spicy or acidic foods.
• Limit alcohol and smoking. Both can irritate the lining of your mouth and increase liver stress, making side effects worse.

Common side effects you’ll hear about include low blood counts, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, and hair thinning. Most of these are temporary and improve once treatment ends or the dose is lowered.

If you experience severe side effects—such as uncontrolled bleeding, persistent fever, or intense abdominal pain—alert your medical team immediately. Early intervention can prevent complications and keep you on track with therapy.

Another concern is drug interactions. Over‑the‑counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can irritate the stomach, while certain antibiotics may boost melphalan’s toxicity. Always share a complete medication list with your oncologist, including vitamins and herbal supplements.

Finally, keep a notebook or use a phone app to track how you feel each day. Jot down any new symptoms, dosage changes, and questions for your next appointment. Having clear records makes it easier for your doctor to fine‑tune the treatment.

Alkeran can be a powerful tool against difficult cancers when used correctly. By staying informed, adhering to the schedule, and communicating openly with your care team, you boost the odds of a smoother journey and better outcomes.